Russian scientists' contribution in the world science Essay

Russian scientists' contribution in the world science - Essay Example Economist and Noble prize winner Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich, founder of linear programming. Nikolai Basov, who invented laser. Now, in this assignment let us discuss in detail the hurdles faced by them through the process of innovations and life history. Dmitri Mendedleev: One of the great scientists of Russia is the Dmitri Mendelev, survived from 1834 to 1907 and has contributed the precious Periodic Table of Elements. The story began when the atomic weights of elements were derived wrongly. As a result incorrect compounds were found to be formed. So there resulted a serious confusion in determining the characteristics of elements and their atomic weights (Allaby & Gjertsen, 2002). It was stated that Mendeleev derived the Periodic table in his dreams. Mendeleev had the vision of the Periodic table in his mind but unable to put them in to table. He worked continuously for three days to create the table. Ultimately he slept in his table and had a dream of the arranging the 63 ele ments in the Periodic Table of Elements. Then he wake up from the dream and derived the table that he dreamt. It was perfectly correct with only few corrections made in it. It took nearly 20 years to construct this precious table and his contribution helped greatly to learn the characteristics and property of the elements. Later he discovered Gallium, Scandium and Germanium. He worked as a professor at the St. University of Petersburg from 1868 to 1890. His other studies and contributions are Nature of solutions Expansion of liquids 40Â ° vodka formula 30 components formula derived in 5 rows. This was so simple and precise that his findings exceeded all the works of his predecessors. The derivation of 40Â ° vodka formula was really an interesting story. It was the time world over running researches on weight analysis on alcoholic solutions. Mendeleev received the accurate results by missing the alcohol with water based on weights while the whole other world used to mix by volumes. Then he formulated as the precise content of spirit in vodka to be 40Â °. Upon reciprocal dilution the largest compression a mixture can be made. That is 45.88% of anhydrous spirit can be mixed with 54.12% of water. To explain this exactly 1 liter of 40Â ° vodka weights 951 grams exactly (Allaby & Gjertsen, 2002). Sergei Vasilyevich Lebedev: Lebedev was born in 1834 in Lubin. He completed his graduation at St. Petersburg University. After his graduation he moved from university to university in charge of the work and finally settled down at the Petersburg Margarine Factory (Encyclopedia Britannica Inc, 2002). His main works are devoted to the invention of the polymerization of the hydrocarbons of ‘diene’ type. He was the first to produce the polybutadiene synthetic rubber. This synthetic rubber replaced the natural rubber and was produced during World War I as there was a shortage of natural rubber. His wrote a book named as ‘Research in polymerization of by-et hylene hydrocarbons’ in 1913, which became the basics guide for studies on synthetic rubber. He also introduced the modern methods which lead to the manufacture of the butyl synthetic rubber and poly iso-butylene with the help of his studies on polymerization of ethylene monomers. The access of reliable sources to natural rubber was difficult to Russians. Hence the mass production of the synthetic rubber was essential and this was launched in 1932. In 1940, they produced more than 50,000 tons per year. Later the process of obtaining butadiene rubber from ethyl

Philosophical Prepositions by Fichte Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Philosophical Prepositions by Fichte - Essay Example 1963). Clearly, his prepositions are the basis of life. They  help  human beings to make decisions even the scientists who only believe in facts that can be proved. One of the prepositions is the ego as an aspect of identity. It indicates the  originality  of the human nature. Fichte argues that the ego is what comes first in decision-making. It controls the choices made by human beings in their daily life. This preposition is  significant  in that it brings out the  aspect  of individuality. Human beings need to be themselves. They need to make decisions in all categories of life rather than waiting for people to do it for them. Fichte says that this preposition dominates the whole being of a man. However, the decisions made by the  person  usually have effects in the future. Fichte asserts that there must be  conscious  when making choices (Copleston, F. 1963). This means ego is not the only factor that drives human being. In other words, there are some dang ers related to the use of ego in decision-making. Experience  is needed  in making a  choice  rather than emotions. If one has  absolute  ego, it  is argued  that he might make decisions that he will regret in the future. There must be a balance between the ego and the conscious part of the human mind. It clearly comes out from the above  rational  discussion  that, there is the interconnectedness between the ego and other things. The things that we are talking about are the second and third prepositions as proposed by Fichte (Copleston, F. 1963). If there is a need to  control  the ego, then what should  control  it? According to Fichte, non-ego is the controlling  factor  of ego. This is the second preposition. It walks in the opposite direction of the ego. One has certainly to be able to  strike  the  balance  in life. This applies to all categories of life. The essence of this is that the ego and the non-ego must cancel each other for th e balance to be made. It thus, an integral feature of the human mind in controlling emotions. Some people have too much ego such that seeing the obvious sense is a problem. They always want to  impose  themselves. They want their  identity  to  reign. In this light, they tend to make wrong decisions that  put  them into problems. They  act  so weirdly in situations they  are supposed  to  act  otherwise. Such people are not  rationale  and therefore cannot be the best leaders. They  are controlled  by their emotions and are always  dictatorial. This is  advantageous  to  know  so that people do not make mistakes in voting in leaders who will be part of the problems rather than solutions. Once the ego and the non-ego cancel, the only possible thing that should exist is the  conscious. This is because; its absence  will be rendered  useless. What he decides thereafter may as well not be of importance to his life. There must be another thing to bring about the rationality. The ‘I’, which is the third preposition, plays a crucial role between the ego and the non-ego. It ensures the viability of the conscious when the first two prepositions cancel. As Fichte says, it is particularly significant to the decision made. Ego is  profitable, but the  absolute  ego could pose some problems. The non-ego, on the other hand, is also  valuable. However, if it dominates it renders the whole  process  useless. That is why a mediator must be employed. This brings out the validity of the