The Culture Of Spain And The Islamic Religion - 845 Words

Spain, and more specifically its capitol Cordoba, was predominantly a Christian state, until about 711 CE when the Arab and Berber forces conquered and then began migrating into Spain. From that point on, the Arabs had remained in power for about 300 years and had mostly converted over the population in Spain, from the Christian religion to the Islamic religion. Spain become referred to as Al Andalus, or Muslim Spain, since many of the native peoples were now converted to the Muslim culture. There was a fantastic culture that developed form the blending of the three religions: Muslim, Jewish, and Christian. Spain thrived in advances such as literature, medicine, astronomy, architecture, and the arts. The most important city, located in southern Spain, was Cordoba and it was known for its beautiful mosques, which had major Islamic influence, as well as its Churches and Synagogues. This allowed for a flourishing social culture to progress between the different peoples. In Cordoba, the main religion that was followed was Islam; it was seen as the holiest of all religions in that region. Still, the Emir, or prince, of Cordoba allowed for the Christian and Jewish peoples to remain true to their faith and continue to practice their religions. It was a state of religious tolerance. Christians and Jews were seen as second class citizens, but were also protected by Islamic law. These protected people, or Dhimmis, believed in the same God as the Islamic people, even thoughShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of the Expansion in the Post Classical Period: the Islamic Civilization1702 Words   |  7 PagesPeriod: The Islamic Civilization The â€Å"Post-Classical Period,† was a time of change, expansion, and vast cultural diffusion. The Islamic civilization is a group that emerged from the Semitic groups of southwestern Asia, and moved to the Arabian peninsula in tribes, known as the Bedouin tribes, due to lack of water and food. 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This unique religion had essential characteristics that made it like no other, it carried an incredible transformationRead MoreHow Islamic Architecture in Spain Changed from the Seventh Century to the Mid-sixteenth Century1541 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Mosque of Cà ³rdoba was built in Cà ³rdoba, Andalucà ­a, southern Spain: the capital at which Muslims exist. The great Mosque of Cà ³rdoba went under massive ch anges over centuries. These changes occurred because the Mosque was conquered by groups of people following different religions, including Islam, Judaism and Christianity. Each religion marked its conception through changing or adding a unique artwork that symbolized its essence. The Great Mosque of Cà ³rdoba was built by Arab architects inRead MoreThe 17th Century Travelogues of Ahmad Bin Qasim and Ilyas Hanna Al-Mawsuli1595 Words   |  7 Pagesintentions, emphasis and encounters of their travels through these Christian Lands. Ahmad bin Qasim was a Muslim born in Andalucia Spain, in the year 1569. A â€Å"New Christian† or convert to the faith, he adopted the Christian practices but secretly stayed true to his Islamic faith. (Matar 6). He had a strong command for both Arabic and Spanish, but at a time in Spain where knowledge of Arabic was an offense, where and which one could be burned at the stake (Matar 6). When this was discovered by SpanishRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Orientalism And Orientianism1215 Words   |  5 PagesBritain’s disadvantage, they found themselves with two competing ideologies, Orientalism and Liberalism. Orientalism sought to classify India’s religious and cultural customs into a firm legal doctrine as a way to avoid strongly impacting India’s culture. 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Progress Of Technology And Regression Of Childhood

Progress Of Technology And Regression Of Childhood â€Å"I fear the day that technology will surpass our human interaction. The world will have a generation of idiots.† (Albert Einstein). As predicted from one of the greatest scientists of the 20th century, Albert Einstein, the Internet has slowly entered our lives and rapidly took control of our minds. With the introduction of technology devices, such as smart phones and tablets, it seems some people have the necessity to spend their entire lives online and they forget to enjoy moments in real life. Nowadays, the influence of modern technology is deteriorating the human nature for adults, and even children, of connecting and communicating with each other in real life. There are many negative consequences that impact people because of modern technology; however, one of the most damaging consequences of the high-tech era is how excessive use of devices is alienating children from being physically and socially active during thei r formative years. In the old days, children were anxious to complete their homework and run outside to play with their friends. Nowadays, many things have changed. Children are barely outside playing, but they prefer being secluded in their rooms in front of a screen with a new best friend: the Internet connection. Yet, the saddest part is that some parents are not paying attention to their children’s technology habits. Parents and teachers, should be more attentive by monitoring and reducing childrenShow MoreRelatedA Comparison of Theorists989 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ A Comparison of Theorists Maliha-Sameen Saeed ECH-325 December 14, 2014 There are many great theorists for the Early Childhood Education. 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Tool for Preventing Chronic Diseases †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Tool for Preventing Chronic Diseases. Answer: Introduction: During the period of second half of the twentieth century the international community facing the issue related to the terrorism, and this result in adoption of different treaties which deals with different types of issues such as terrorist acts and obligations of states in this context. Previously these legislations only deals with the acts which affect the civilians, but now scope of these legislations extended and now they cover terrorism acts against military personnel and installations. This contribution mainly attempt to assess the consequences related to this evolution and also the protection of armed forces engaged in the so-called war on terrorism. Different terrorist activities in the world are considered as terrible way to remember that terrorism is also an medical issue, because whenever something like this happen we are forced to think about deaths. There are number of people who get injuries in the skin or in the soul, and then results for those who survive after the dea ths of their families and friends (Medicinenet, n.d.). This approach mainly encourages the policy makers to deal with the terrorism in the appropriate manner and not as a hypothetical situation. It mainly provides the policy makers as a useful model which helps them in dealing with the terrorism in a comprehensive manner. It also ensures policies which restrict future attacks and in case they occur than then respond them in proper manner (Price, 2017). This paper defines the way through which International Law treat the terrorism and diseases in different manner. It further states the possibility to imagine them as interchangeable, and also apply similar legal tools towards their combatting. This report is divided into three arguments, first argument states different treatments conducted by international law for terrorism and diseases? Second argument deals with the fact whether there is any similarity between international law and diseases, or there is any possibility to use these terms interchangeably? This paper state the alternative framework which theorizes the threat related to the terrorism on the basis of epidemiological approach which considers it as a chronic disease like cancer instead of a military, ideological, or socio-economic problem. Last and third argument states whether it is possible to use similar tools for dealing with the terrorism and diseases in context of international law? After highlighting the similarities in the terrorism and diseases, it present a staging system and tools which can be used by the policy makers for the purpose of educating the public in this regard and allocate counterterrorism resources in more efficient manner. Lastly, paper is concluded with brief conclusion. Terrorism is not considered as new phenomenon, during the period of second half of the twentieth century, there are number of countries in Europe, Latin America, Africa and Asia challenge movements of different kinds which include violence against the innocent civilians for the purpose of achieving their goals. For the purpose of responding these movements, international community adopts series of treaties which deals with particular types of issues and terrorist acts. These treaties also impose obligations on states to take action against such acts. Presently, almost 13 international treaties are adopted by the international community against the terrorism, as well as there are number of regional treaties also. It must be noted that, process of drafting a general treaty against international terrorism is almost complete. Different conflicts around the world have been described as part of a war on terrorism (Donnell, 2006). These treaties deals with almost 50 type of offences which include 10 crimes against civil aviation, 16 crimes against shipping or continental platforms, 12 crimes against the person, 7 crimes involving the use, possession or threatened use of bombs or nuclear materials, and 2 crimes related to the financing of terrorism. These treaties are considered as established code against the terrorist offences. The most reliable evidence of this fact is the 1999 Convention against the financing of terrorism, which deals with the crime of donating or collecting funds (yamei, 2017). These treaties also define the duties of state parties in context of crime related to the financing the activities related to the terrorism, and thee activities are defined in the treaties listed in the annex is independent of their ratification of them. These treaties also allowed the states parties which are not even the parties of the treaties for making reservations by limiting the scope of their obligations und er 1999 convention in context to the financing of the activities prohibited by any non- ratified treaty or treaties. In 2002, organization of American States adopted a second treaty against the terrorism which uses similar approach. The inter-American convention is considered as series of obligations imposed on the state parties in context of crimes defined in ten treaties. The 1999 convention in context of financing of terrorism and other 9 international treaties listed in the annex. The 1977 European Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism which is amended by the Protocol of 2003 also adopts same approach. This treaty also establishes the series of obligations related to the acts of terrorism which are defined in other 10 international treaties. This idea is also supported by the UN Security Council Resolution 1566 that crimes stated in the existing international treaties form part of a code of terrorist offences (Security council, n.d.). After considering the above facts, it can be said that not only terrorist offences but other acts also which adopt similar approach are covered under the code established by the international community. All these facts stated the way through which terrorist activities are treated by international community (UNODC, 2009). On the other hand, two main aims of our national public health agenda are to increase the quality and number of years of healthy life, and also to eliminate the health disparities. In case of chronic diseases, these goals facilitates a comprehensive strategy which mainly includes interventions for prevention and control of categorical diseases and their risk factors, changes occurred in behavior of individual, environmental change, improvements in clinical and preventive services, and organizational change. It mainly promotes the patient compliance and health providers by establishing best practices in all the persons, and they not consider the racial/ethnic background, sex, geographic determinants, or socioeconomic status of the person. These interventions can be accomplished through different mechanisms which include health education, development and use of information systems, and development and implementation of policies and guidelines. These interventions can be accomplished through different types of mechanisms which include health education, development and use of information systems, and development and implementation of policies and guidelines. Policies related to this are implemented as regulations, ordinances, and other laws and as organizational practices (Magnusson, 2010). It must be noted that achievement of these predominant national objectives requires strengthening of the infrastructure in context of public health and also the development of adequate capacity for the purpose of undertaking the core public health functions of assessment, development of policy, and assurance. In all these areas, international law play very important role. This can be understood thr ough example, identifying and strengthen the important factors of the public health infrastructure such as development of health workforce which is diverse and competent, information and communication system, and health department surveillance and laboratory capacities. All these facts are considered as important factors of proper legislation. It must be noted that legislations play very important role by helping the state and local governments with the power to encourage or influence the health care providers, associated health professionals, and those business organizations which promote and protect the health of the public in order to increase the quality and number of years of healthy life. These laws play most important role in the elimination of disparities for the purpose of accessing and delivering quality health care. Additionally, appropriate laws take help from the local public health agencies for the purpose of assessing the burden of chronic diseases and to deal with th ese diseases (Mensah, Goodman, Zaza, Moulton,2004). War related to cancer is almost similar to the war related to the terrorism; because both the wars are difficult and it is possible to apply lessons learn from one war on other. In political context cancer is considered as socioeconomic disease which mainly affects the poorest people. And in similar way terrorism find a home in those nations which are not developed. Possibly, improvement in global economic well-being will help. It is necessary to detect the cancer at early stage, because it is an agreeable fact that local treatment of this this disease is effective at that time also when there is no advanced treatment of this disease. Pap smear play important role in reducing the cervical cancer mortality and, more recently, the effectiveness of prostate specific antigen screening in reducing prostate cancer mortality are cases in point. In case of war on terrorism, investment at global level in intelligence gathering and dissemination will be needed for early detection of activated cells and infiltrated nodes (National Intelligence Council, 2000). Some other similarities are also there, because there is need to make sustained and considerable investment before the first signs of progress appear. After conducting number of research and spending billions of dollars there is reduction in the rate of mortality from common solid tumors of adulthood like lung and breast cancer. On the other side, terrorism can also be prevented from with this similar approach, which means it is necessary to apply treatment before the first signs of progress appear. For both the approaches, experts stated that these wars can only be won by making investment in the specific area such as etiology, causation, prevention, screening, early detection, focusing on a particular target, make efforts to destroy this issue with little associated damage, and implementing regulations and protocols for resolving these issues. In actual, it is necessary to take strict action in both the cases becau se any point of leverage will turn into a big problem. But, it is possible to win both the wars by ensuring talent and commitment of the people involved, as well as the political will to see each challenge to its end. After considering the above facts, it can be said that there are lot of similarity between these two, as stated Cancer is to the patient and their family what terrorism is to a free society. Therefore, it is necessary to overcome from this threat (Curt, n.d.). It must be noted that not only terrorism behave like chronic disease, but there are many other challenges such as preventing and treating cancer are exactly same to those associated with the terrorism. Scholars of terrorism stated different analysis of the international law framework under which similar tools can be used for treating these two issues such as comprehensive analysis of rule of law framework applied on counter-terrorism response such as human rights approach at international level, humanitarian, criminal, and refugee/asylum law and it also includes strengths, lacunae, pressure points, and interrelationship between its legal principles. In similar manner these approaches can also applied to won war of cancer. Another tool is determining the pressure between the causes and preventions used to overcome with these causes. In similar manner, it is necessary to evaluate the pressure between the security imperative and complying with the rule of law that are related to the gov ernmental and institutional policies and practices. Really multinational, multidisciplinary coverage related to the global expertise from legal practitioner, judicial, policy-making, military, policing, civil society, academic and institutional experience. In similar manner, in context of cancer it is necessary to ensure global expertise for preventing this disease which includes medical practitioners, experts, institutions, etc (Norman, 2017). It is necessary to implement the recommendations made by experts and international forums in both contexts for the purpose of ensuring best practices in both (Oxford university press, n.d.). It must be noted that international community use the similar tools to deal with the cancer and terrorism, because there are number of people who use the diseases as terrorist weapons for the purpose of destroying societies. This can be understood through example, in the early period of 1990, disclosures related to the Soviet Union's and Iraq's biological weapons programs caused many experts to focus on explosion of the biological weapons in the community at international level. At the time when intelligence department of US suspected that the Soviet Union and Iraq had developed biological weapons, but they are not able to estimate the huge scale and sophistication of the Soviet and Iraqi programs. Different evidences related to the Soviet and Iraqi bioweapon increase the fears that explosion of biological weapons had become big issue at international level. Various experts show concern that possession of biological weapons by rogue states as big issue, but also state that exploration of biological weapons make the things easier for terrorists to gain access to pathogenic microbes (Zwaagastra, 2016). These fears results in the establishment of protocol related to the Biological Weapons Convention of 1972 ("BWC") in the first half of the 1990. This protocol results in verification mechanism in context of BWC's prohibition on the deve lopment, production, and stockpiling of biological weapons. Adding momentum to this effort completed the Chemical Weapons Convention in 1993, which also contained verification mechanism for the purpose of improving the compliance with the Convention's prohibitions. Another attack in context of disclosure on biological weapons and bioterrorism-proposals is the anthrax attacks, and in this development, production, or possession of a biological weapon by any individual or state is considered as crime at international level, and this crime is punishable by applying universal jurisdiction. Above stated facts clearly stated that these conventions restrict both terrorism and diseases at the same time. Therefore, it is possible for the international community to use same tools to deal with both diseases and terrorism. The Sussex program initiated by Harvard related to the Chemical and Biological Warfare Armament and Arms Limitation created this idea in this proposed convention on the Preven tion and Punishment of the Crime of Developing, Producing, Acquiring, Stockpiling, Retaining, Transferring or Using Biological or Chemical Weapons. It must be noted that, making the use, development, or possession of a biological weapon a crime under international law in context of principle related to the universal jurisdiction result in increased enemies of human kind (Fidler, 2000). Conclusion: After considering these facts, it can be said that terrorism and diseases are similar because both leave same kind of impact on the society and family of the victim. As stated, various activities related to the terrorism conducted in the world are considered as terrible way to remember that terrorism is also an medical issue, because whenever something like this happen we are forced to think about deaths. Various people who get injuries in the skin or in the soul either because of terrorism or because of disease suffer a lot and then consequences for those who survive after the deaths of their families and friends. Currently, both the issues are treated differently by international law but various evidences present which shows that these issues are similar in nature and for dealing with these issues, international law can use similar approach and tools. References: Curt, G. Terrorism and Cancer. Retrieved on 28th March 2018 from: https://theoncologist.alphamedpress.org/content/6/5/401.long. Donnell, D. (2006). International treaties against terrorism and the use of terrorism during armed conflict and by armed forces. Retrieved on 28th March 2018 from: https://www.icrc.org/en/download/file/20147/irrc_864_7.pdf. Fidler, D. (2000). Bioterrorism, Public Health, and International Law. Chicago Journal of International Law, Volume 3(1). Magnusson, R. (2010). Global health governance and the challenge of chronic, non-communicable disease. Journal Law Medical Ethics. Volume 38(3):490-507. Medicine.net. Terrorism is a Medical Matter. Retrieved on 28th March 2018 from: https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=31423. Mensah, G. Goodman, R. Zaza, S. Moulton,A. Marks, J. (2004). Law as a Tool for Preventing Chronic Diseases: Expanding the Spectrum of Effective Public Health Strategies. Retrieved on 28th March 2018 from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC544536/. National Intelligence Council, (2000). The Global Infectious Disease Threat and Its Implications for the United States, NIE 99-17D. Norman, M. (2017). For the British public, the threat of terrorism isn't a deathly disease, but an incurable condition we will learn to live with. Retrieved on 28th March 2018 from: https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/london-bridge-attack-terrorism-britain-a7772306.html#gallery. Oxford university press. Counter-Terrorism. Retrieved on 28th March 2018 from: https://global.oup.com/academic/product/counter-terrorism-9780199608928?cc=inlang=en. Price, B. (2017). Terrorism as Cancer: How to Combat an Incurable Disease. Retrieved on 28th March 2018 from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09546553.2017.1330200. Security Council. International legal instruments. Retrieved on 28th March 2018 from: https://www.un.org/sc/ctc/resources/international-legal-instruments/. UNODC, (2009). International Law Aspects of Countering Terrorism. Retrieved on 28th March 2018 from: https://www.unodc.org/documents/terrorism/Publications/FAQ/English.pdf. Yamei, (2017). Spotlight: Terrorist attacks are plaguing Europe like cancer. Retrieved on 28th March 2018 from: https://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-09/11/c_136600301.htm. Zwaagastra, D. (2016). Preventing Bioterrorism, Risk and Legal Instruments. Retrieved on 28th March 2018 from: https://www.peacepalacelibrary.nl/2016/04/preventing-bioterrorism-risk-and-legal-instruments/.

The Grounds For The American Revolution Were Based On Economic Conflic Essay Example For Students

The Grounds For The American Revolution Were Based On Economic Conflic Essay t, asLouis Hacker states, â€Å"The struggle was not over high-sounding political andconstitutional concepts; over the power of taxation or even, in the final analysis,over natural rights. It was over colonial manufacturing, wild lands and furs,sugar, wine, tea and currency, all of which meant, simply, the survival orcollapse of English mercantilist capitalism within the imperial-colonial frameworkof the mercantilist system.† The Revolutionary War was based on economicstrife brought about by taxes and limitation of trade imposed on America by theBritish. Although ideological arguments concerning liberty, justice, and thenatural right of man were used to justify their rebellion, the underlying motive forthe Revolution was to be freed from England’s economic restraints. Two of theinitial outbreaks in the Revolutionary War, the Boston Massacre and the BostonTea Party, were a direct result of economic discontent. The rebellion began withthe people of power in the colonies, the merchants. This group of people werethe most outraged about the trade sanctions England placed on the colonies,and had the greatest motive for rebellion. The majority of Americans were notoverly concerned with the economic disputes, and therefore had less grievancesagainst England. The purpose of this paper is to prove that the main cause ofthe American Revolution was economic contention between the rich merchantsof America and England. We will write a custom essay on The Grounds For The American Revolution Were Based On Economic Conflic specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Beginning in the middle of the eighteenth century, Britain began toinstitute a series of checks on America’s trade and economy. In order to pay offtheir debt gained during the French and Indian War, England needed to obtainrevenue from its American colonies. This began with the Molasses Act, whichtried to limit America’s lucrative rum and molasses trade to only deal withEngland. This resulted in widespread smuggling from both the French WestIndies and Africa. England also placed several domestic taxes, such as theStamp Act and the Sugar Act. These acts enforced taxes on goods such assugar, stamps, and printed materials. Other Acts passed onto America were theTownshend Acts. These acts imposed taxes on items such as paper, paint,glass, and lead. This lead to a general boycott of British luxury items and agrowing displeasure with the actions of the British government. This resentmentfinally came to a head in the Boston Massacre when a group of protester wereobjecting to t he various taxing acts. This group flustered some British soldierswho shot at the group and killed five people. This incident caused the coloniesto rally behind the protesters’ cause. This Boston Massacre shows how thebeginning altercations of the Revolution were fueled by anger over Britisheconomic policies toward the colonies. Another serious point of contention that started the American Revolutionwas the Tea Act. Tea taxes had been included in the Townshend Acts, and thisprovoked the ire of the colonist. Moreover, the merchants were being drasticallycut off from all tea profits. The British East India Tea Company was floundering,and England had invested heavily in it. In order to bolster its income, Englandgranted the East India Tea Company a monopoly on the tea trade in America byallowing it to sell their tea for much lower prices than the American merchantscould sell theirs at. This resulted in a serious loss of profit for the Americanmerchants. This infuriated the merchants, and they decided to take action. Agroup of men, dressed up as Indians, took tea from an East India Tea Companyship and dumped into the Boston Harbor. This was known as the Boston Harborand was one of the most important events of the Revolution. It was a directresult of the hostility caused by the tea taxes and trade restrictions. T he BostonTea Party proves the economic motivation of the Revolutionary War. .udcdf750772c0a4cccde621cca497a72d , .udcdf750772c0a4cccde621cca497a72d .postImageUrl , .udcdf750772c0a4cccde621cca497a72d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udcdf750772c0a4cccde621cca497a72d , .udcdf750772c0a4cccde621cca497a72d:hover , .udcdf750772c0a4cccde621cca497a72d:visited , .udcdf750772c0a4cccde621cca497a72d:active { border:0!important; } .udcdf750772c0a4cccde621cca497a72d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udcdf750772c0a4cccde621cca497a72d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udcdf750772c0a4cccde621cca497a72d:active , .udcdf750772c0a4cccde621cca497a72d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udcdf750772c0a4cccde621cca497a72d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udcdf750772c0a4cccde621cca497a72d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udcdf750772c0a4cccde621cca497a72d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udcdf750772c0a4cccde621cca497a72d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udcdf750772c0a4cccde621cca497a72d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udcdf750772c0a4cccde621cca497a72d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udcdf750772c0a4cccde621cca497a72d .udcdf750772c0a4cccde621cca497a72d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udcdf750772c0a4cccde621cca497a72d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Child Development EssayThe American Revolution was a result from the economic strugglesbetween England and America. The taxes and trade restrictions that Englandplaced onto the colonies caused the Americans to rebel in the RevolutionaryWar. Although political and intellectual reasons were used to justify the breakwith Britain, at the center of the conflict were economic grievances. Both theBoston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party illustrate that the primary concernsthat instigated the American Revolution were economic. These two events dealtwith economic issues, and they were both extremely important to the start of theRevolutionary War. Therefore, the principal motives fo r the AmericanRevolution were to rectify the economic oppression of the colonies by England.

Captain John Smith essays

Captain John Smith essays John Smith had many characteristics that helped to make him an important person in the beginning settlement of the New World. He was a brave and strong person who seemed to have little fear. He ran away from home when he was young and became a soldier in Europe and the Near East (Barbour). He thrived for excitement and adventure. During the settlement of Jamestown, he took on the responsibility of leadership by saving the colony from starvation (Microsoft). He made the men plant crops and build houses, while he was trading with the Indians for food (Microsoft). The colony chose him President of the Jamestown settlement. The settlers believed and trusted him because he had saved them. John Smith was a very smart man, and he wrote many accounts about the happenings in Jamestown. He also published an article about his voyage of 1614. His longest and best-known work was entitled The General History of Virginia (Gwinn). Without these accounts, we would know very little about the colony in the New World. Not only was he a writer, but he could also draw. He drew many maps showing his expeditions and adventures. Many of these maps were used by other groups of settlers who came to the New World. John Smith was brave, strong, smart, and a good leader. His name is probably best remembered as the man who was to be beheaded by Indians, when the chiefs daughter rushed to his side and saved his life. Many historians doubt this incident and said that Smith was just bragging and was a teller of tales (McMichael). He had so many different adventures and he sometimes stretched the truth. Even if John Smith did exaggerate at times, he was still an interesting and important character in American History. Critique: I dont remember learning too much on John Smith, though of course I learned about him. My reaction to his work is questioning; Ive heard how he was this brave and courageou...

Are You Free or Enslaved Maybe Its All in Your Head.

Are You Free or Enslaved Maybe Its All in Your Head. Freedom vs. Bondage It’s Passover and the theme of freedom is on my mind. This holiday celebrates the liberation of the Israelites from slavery and their successful crossing of the Red Sea- a story we are commanded to tell every year at this season. Why is this tale so important that the Bible commands we retell it again and again? While there are many answers to this question, the one that struck me most this year was that we have choices every day between freedom and bondage. Passover is our opportunity to look at our lives and see where we are stuck, in a rut, giving up, or otherwise enslaved, both in our circumstances and in our own minds. Once we identify these â€Å"narrow places,† (the word for Egypt, Mitzrayim, means â€Å"narrow places†), we can do something about them. A Unique Seder Experience My family’s Passover seder was itself an expression of freedom. Some context: Passover is a food-focused holiday. In the order of the service, there are multiple instructions to eat certain foods at certain times; and the conclusion of the first part of the service is a big meal. A BIG meal. It’s like Thanksgiving in the extent to which people indulge themselves on food. The seder also includes four cups of wine (though in my family it was grape juice all the way). Since my nephew Daniel has Crohn’s Disease and is currently ingesting nothing but Pediasure peptide drinks, my brother-in-law Michael created- drumroll please- a food-free seder. This feat, you can imagine, required a huge amount of creativity. Michael designed a board game, complete with a deck of cards that held debate questions and other contests to see who could answer a â€Å"Passover Pursuit† question first. He dressed up as Moses, which was way out of the box for him. And he led an evening of learning, singing and debate. Even without a meal, we managed to spend three hours on our seder talking, laughing, and debating. Breaking Out of the Box One of the debate questions that came up in the Passover Pursuit card deck was what freedom means in the modern age. I was pitted against 16-year-old Daniel for the battle. He pulled out a djembe (an African drum) and made up a rap song. I don’t remember his words; what struck me was his approach to the debate. In my world, debate means talking and arguing. Daniel broke out of that cage with his drumming and rapping. Inspired, I countered with an interpretive dance of freedom vs. bondage. I stood for a few seconds with my arms crossed, strait-jacket-like over my chest, head down. Then I took a step to the side and danced my heart out. I did this about three times. Then I talked about how two people, or even the same person, can be in the same circumstances and choose to feel free or imprisoned. Enslaved by Circumstances? I’ll admit I got some help from a video by Chabad.org that I had watched in preparation for Passover, where a person in a picture was labeled â€Å"Free† and then the same person in the same picture was labeled â€Å"Burdened.† Other identical pictures were labeled â€Å"Liberated† and â€Å"Enslaved,† and â€Å"Pain† and â€Å"Pleasure.† As humans, I argued, we can have illnesses and consider them burdens or find our own liberation within them. We can work a job and feel trapped by it or find our liberation in it. We can win the lottery and gain joy or misery. I won the debate. Part of it was that I made a good argument. But more than that, I think the group was impressed that I didn’t let myself fall into a typical debate mindset and took the risk of dancing my argument. An Octopus’s Story: Existential Anxiety vs. Existential Guilt Perhaps this is a coincidence, but just last week an octopus named Inky escaped from a national aquarium in New Zealand, squeezing through a 50-meter drainpipe into the sea. What might be more remarkable, given that octopuses are famous escape artists, is that Inky’s tankmate, Blotchy, did not budge. Was Blotchy content to remain in captivity? Was he unaware of his free will and the freedom available just down the drainpipe? Had he given up on the chance of an unfettered life? Of course the answers to these questions are more for us to ponder for ourselves. When we are feeling shackled, do we choose to take extreme action, like Inky, or to submit to our lot? Fundamentally, we have a choice between existential anxiety and existential guilt. Taking action, especially action that scares us because it is so unfamiliar and takes us into unknown, potentially risky territory, produces existential anxiety. We rarely regret making a conscious, risky choice regardless of the outcome. In contrast, existential guilt arises when we take the safe path. Submitting to our existential guilt produces existential regret: â€Å"a profound desire to go back and change a past experience in which one has failed to choose consciously or has made a choice that did not follow one’s beliefs, values, or growth needs.† That’s the kind of choice Blotchy made. It’s not the kind of choice I like to make. The Choice is Yours We human beings have clear freedom of choice in every moment, at least over our own mindset about our circumstances. In the end, the ability to think what we think and believe what we believe is the ultimate freedom. The choices we make to break out of the box and into unchartered territory are the ones that move us forward, out of our personal narrow places, and toward a life unbound.

OB CASE STUDY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

OB CASE STUDY - Essay Example This will be achieved by drawing parallel between the situation that James has found himself in and the principles driving these motivation theories According to McClelland’s theory, each employee has one of the three motivation drivers that are dominant in him or her depending on their personal aspects. Bruce’s main driving force is achievement. He would like recognition of the work he is doing at the hotel and being rewarded for it. Working twelve hours a shift requires a better pay or at least another demand since, according to Adams Equity theory, Money is not the main factor of motivation but recognition and appreciation is. Bruce’s next source of dissatisfaction in the workplace presents itself in the lack of equity in how the hotel treats its employees. Jeanette Smith, a colleague who joined the hotel at the same time as he and with the same qualifications has been sponsored to take HND in the hotel and catering. Bruce was also promised the same sponsorshi p during recruitment, but no follow-up has been made. Worse still, whenever he approaches the supervisor, he is put off using flimsy excuses about being busy or is told to bring the topic up the following year. This is contrary to what is advocated for in Sirota’s three-factor theory. ... This is what makes Bruce bitter. From this incident of sponsoring Jeanette and leaving Bruce out despite the promise made to him during the interview, it is evident that the organisation does not keep its promises and commitments. Theory X/Y as advanced by McGregor classifies such as an organisation in the X class. Organisation in the X class usually withheld likes (the sponsorship) and did not deliver on promises. The organisation is not concerned about the staff welfare and morale and is instead focussed on one goal, which was to reap maximum benefits from the customers. When Bruce was summoned to the HR department, he was informed that ‘the customers were always right’ the implication of this statement is that the organisation does not care about it employees at all and is willing to subject them to all manners of ill treatment if only to make a profit. Another characteristic of theory X organisation and indeed the Ambrose hotel is being poor listener since they did n ot listen to what Bruce had to say about the incidence. This kind of organisations issue threats to get things done, and Bruce was treated no differently. The organisation should have focussed on how to avoid recurrence of the incidence rather the blaming Bruce for the whole incidence. This would save them potential customer and employee loss. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, the ideal workplace should provide an individual with the opportunity to advance, in their career in relation to levels four and 5 of his theory. Ambrose hotel was instead curtailing Bruce from advancement through overworking him and withholding the promised sponsorship.

Online Alternative Dispute Resolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Online Alternative Dispute Resolution - Essay Example Dispute resolution is the process of resolving disputes between parties, and there are various methods of dispute resolution, which includes such things as: lawsuits (litigation), arbitration, mediation, conciliation, as well as many types of negotiation. Dispute resolution processes fall into two major types: adjudicative processes, such as litigation or arbitration, in which a judge, jury or arbitrator determines the outcome; and consensual processes, such as mediation, conciliation, or negotiation, in which the parties attempt to reach agreement. Some use the term dispute resolution to refer only to alternative dispute resolution (ADR); of which generally depends on agreement by the parties to use ADR processes, either before or after a dispute has arisen. However, dispute resolution can also take place online by using technology in certain cases. Online Dispute Resolution, a growing field of dispute resolution, uses new technologies to solve disputes. It also involves the applica tion of traditional dispute resolution methods to disputes which arise online.1 There are a vast array of factors, elements, and subordinated issues in this subject matter, and in order to come to a clearer and more knowledgeable understanding on this issue, the following questions must be addressed: 1. What is the definition and scope of application in regards to Online Dispute Resolution 2. What is the importance of the rise of Online Dispute Resolution 3. What are the similarities and differences between Online Dispute Resolution and Alternative Dispute Resolution 4. What are some problems affecting efficiency in regards to Online Dispute Resolution in the shadow of the law 5. What are some problems affecting efficiency in regards to the trust mechanism in the online environment By thoroughly discussing these five questions, we can come to a more intellectual and critical point of view on the subject matter at hand. The aim of this paper is to discuss all of this, as well as any and all key elements and factors in relation to this. This is what will be dissertated in the following. What is the Definition and Scope of Application in Regards to Online Dispute Resolution Online Dispute Resolution is a branch of dispute resolution which uses specific technology in order to facilitate the resolution of disputes between parties. It primarily involves negotiation, mediation or arbitration, or a combination of all three. In this respect it is often seen as being the online equivalent of Alternative dispute resolution (ADR). However, ODR can also augment these traditional means of resolving disputes by applying innovative techniques and online technologies to the process.2 Online Dispute Resolution can take place either entirely or simply partly online and primarily concerns two types of disputes: those that arise in cyberspace and those that arise offline. As Internet usage continues to expand, it has become increasingly necessary to design efficient mechanisms for resolving Internet disputes because traditional mechanisms, such as

Arthur Millers Essay Example for Free

Arthur Millers Essay The first point I noted was when Alfieri said: A lawyer means the law, and in Sicily, from where their fathers came, the law has not been a friendly idea since the Greeks were beaten This suggests that before Christ and Christianity, the law was quite sloppy, and people could get away with crimes, but since the spread of Catholicism and An eye for an eye , people have been scared to cross the law since people have the right to exact revenge, without scorn from the community, and it worked because people knew that felonies could result in death, they stop committing them. A very important point is where Alfieri is talking about men in the Mafia who were shot by thugs from other families, and refers to those men as justly shot by unjust men which means that those men deserved to die, yet they shouldnt, in the eyes of the American Judicial System, be killed without trial, that being one of the Amendments of The Constitution. Perhaps the most important occurrence when dealing with this category is the prefiguration about Vinnie Bolzano (which has been previously mentioned), because it serves as a prefiguration about what happens when someone breaks the Code of Conduct, with regards to immigrants. The next type of tension is about Eddie as a sympathetic character. Miller wanted the audience to feel sympathetic for Eddie and does this by creating a sense of emotional involvement with Eddie, which forms a certain sense of empathy with Eddie, and a sorrow which implants a sorrow due to Eddies fate. This type of tension is similar to climatic tension except it creates an apprehensive mood in the audiences mind. Because this is in place early on, it is easier for the reader to justify Eddies actions and then empathise with him. In Arthur Millers view, Eddie posses or exemplifies the wondrous and human fact that he too can be driven to what in the last analysis is a sacrifice of himself for his conception, however misguided or right, dignity and justice. This to me provokes real empathy because it is very difficult to sacrifice for your beliefs, and for what behaviour he displays, he deserves so much more respect that he is given. Alfieri, upon meeting Eddie, described Eddie as having eyes like tunnels which suggests that he is in a trance like state, and he has probably given way to his emotions, which is not necessarily his fault, it may be that he is emotionally unstable, and insecure, it may be that he is suffering from stress, which makes him less mentally adept, but whatever he is, he should not, in this situation, be held accountable for his actions. Early on in the play, with Eddies conversation between Catherine Beatrice, a lot of Eddies gentle and more compassionate side is exposed when Catherine wants to work, Eddie wants her to stay in school, but she protests: Eddie: You wanna go to work, heh, Madonna? Catherine: Yeah Eddie: Alright, go to work. This shows Eddies compassionate side, because he gives in to Catherines demands, even though it is against his will, he does it because it is in Catherines interest. Another moment where Miller shows Eddies consideration for Catherine is the moment where she lights the cigar, and almost burns herself: Catherine: Here! Ill light it for you! Dont worry about me Eddie, heh? Eddie: Dont burn yourself. (Just in time she blows out match) This shows Catherines naivety, and perhaps her inability to function independently without Eddie, and how much he cares for her. She soon forgets this when she encounters Rodolfo, and Eddie feels displaced by him, like he is no longer needed, and for this reason, I think his goal becomes to have Rodolfo deported. But only because Catherine completely ignores him, and feels she is independent, when clearly, she is not. The last kind of tension is emotional tension. This is the disarray that begins due to the introduction of a stranger into this family, and continues due to Rodolfos unusual behaviour, Eddies emotional insecurities, Catherines naivety and Beatrices selfishness plunge them into. Due to analysis, I have come to realise that there is a vicious emotional cycle in place that erodes the already fragile relationship these characters share. Here is a diagram and an explanation: Catherine and Rodolfo take Beatrices advice. They become closer, get more intimate. They start to ignore Eddies opinion more. Catherine starts to become less nai ve, more aware, much to Eddies disapproval. Next Catherine and Rodolfos actions make Eddie more irate. He becomes more hypnotised by rage. He is more desperate to separate Catherine and Rodolfo. He feels displaced, like Catherine is bestowing all her affection on Rodolfo. He starts to ignore Beatrice and begins to focus solely on Rodolfos expulsion. Then Beatrice is annoyed by Eddie. She feels he is not attentive enough. She feels displace by Catherine and becomes even more jealous of the attention she receives. She encourages Catherine to become more independent and intimate with Rodolfo in the hope that she, with Rodolfo, moves out leaving Eddie to pay Beatrice more attention. This continues to occur, and destabilises this very dysfunctional family, with each party becoming more bitter and resentful to the others. It changes slightly so that Beatrice almost sides with Catherine and Rodolfo, I think purely for selfish reasons, as she has the most to gain from Catherines absence. In the end, I think is no one persons fault. I think it is the fault of all three parties. Catherine, because she is to nai ve to know what she is doing, and cannot see through Beatrices advice, Eddie for being too overprotective and getting too involved, and Beatrice, for wanting Catherine gone for all the wrong reasons. With all this, I think it is all the deceit and selfish motivation that accompanies a dysfunctional family that sees the Carbone family on their knees. In conclusion, Arthur Miller uses many types of tension in his play A View From The Bridge: climatic tension, dedicated to keeping the middle unknown; tension of discovery, to keep the play fresh with plenty of plot twists, and to keep the characters personas mysterious, the Sicilian Code of Conduct to keep the play within the same era, and to put his knowledge to good use, Eddie as a sympathetic character to keep the audience engrossed and to exploit one of the most fascinating human traits, and the triangular relationship between Eddie, Catherine and Rodolfo and Beatrice to show how easily a nuclear family can be dissolved by the introduction of a stranger who is welcomed with mixed opinions, much like a specie from a different ecosystem being introduced to a new one. Interestingly, with regard to the opinions, each member of the family represents a different opinion; Eddie represents the negative extremity (by wanting Rodolfo gone), Catherine the positive extremity (wanting to marry Rodolfo), and Beatrice who is neutral (doesnt mind, just wants Catherine gone). All these kinds of tension help to portray what happens when strangers enter a close-knit family which has mixed opinions, and that when pushed hard enough, people will forgo almost anything to protect their loved ones; their beliefs, their life, even if it really is all for the sake of self justified pride and dignity. To summarise it in one sentence, it basically says, Welcome to the human condition. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Ecline and Fall and Sun also Rises :: Free Essay Writer

Ecline and Fall and Sun also Rises Though Ernest Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises, and Evelyn Waugh's Decline and Fall are written by two different authors, they share similar content and themes. In The Sun Also Rises, Brett desires Jake but cannot commit as a result of Jake's impotence. Similarly, in Decline and Fall, Margot cannot commit to Paul because of his time in jail. Both men seem to be infatuated with someone who does not share the same interests in their relationship. These relationships are hollow, showing no emotion and are only based on sex. In The Sun Also Rises, Brett claims she does not want to get involved with Jake, yet the underlying truth is more evident through her actions. While driving around the city, Brett and Jake have a deep discussion about their relationship. Brett says, "Don't touch me" (25). However, when Jake asks if she loves him, she responds, "Love you? I simply turn all to jelly when you touch me"(26). Their conversation becomes ironic when Brett says, "When I think of all the hell I've put chaps through. I'm paying for it now" (26). After hurting so many men, who she could not love, she is now being hurt by someone who could not love her. Later on in the novel, Brett visits Jake's apartment. After a conversation, Jake feels desperate and asks Brett. "couldn't we just live together?" (55). Brett responds by saying, " I don't think so. I'd just tromper...stand it" (55). Although it is quite evident that Brett wants to be with Jake, she still does not encourage the idea of living together. She openly admits that she will cheat on him if this was to ever happen. Jake's jealously is certainly displayed when Robert defends Brett. Jake tells Robert that Brett did not love any of the men she had married in the past. Robert tells Jake, "I didn't ask you to insult her" (39). By the end of their argument, one may feel a sense of pity for Robert and his childish behaviour. However, Jake feels more than pity for Robert; he feels a sense of anger and jealousy towards the man who is about to make a pass at the woman he loves. When Brett tells Jake that she is going to San Sebastian to get away from him, Jake abases himself and asks her if he can go too.

Roman and Early Christian Architecture

Explain the techniques used by roman architects and describe the types of buildings they created. Use examples to support your essay. The building techniques the Roman architects used were the arches and domes. They were very skilled at building with bricks and stones. These materials helped them develop new roof forms. To create arches they used wedge-shaped stones or bricks called vigorous. They placed the narrow ends on the inside of the arch and the wide ends on the outside. The Romans typically used round or pointed arches to span openings n walls or to support heavy roofs.One of the arch buildings they created was the Arch of Constantine. It is the latest triumphal arch in Rome. It was also the largest setup in Rome since the end of the Severna dynasty. Much of the decorations provided were from earlier monuments of Trojan, Hadrian, and Marcus Tutorials. They included the heads of the earlier emperors. The Pantheon was the dome creation. This was the Temple of all Gods. The dom e of the Pantheon is 142 feet high. It provides light entering through a central opening to the sky.Pantheon's dome is still the world's largest unrecorded concrete dome to this date. Sanitaria, G. M. (2011, September). Roman architecture. Retrieved from http:// www. Marilynn. Com/ancient Rome/roman architecture. HTML 2. What features did Early Christian architects take from Roman builders, and what new techniques did they develop? Discuss specific features from three buildings. The features that the Early Christian architects took from Roman builders were the arches and domes. But with new techniques they developed such as the flying turrets.For example the Old Saint Peter church resembled Roman basilicas. It had a wide central nave with side aisles and an apse at the end. Unlike Roman basilicas, instead of doorways on one long side opening onto an aisle, they had an obvious long axis opening. When the worshipers arrived in Saint Peters nave, they were able to view the altar in the apse, framed by the chancel arch dividing the nave from the transept. Santa Sabina is another basilicas church. It is famed for its 5th-century wooden doors that have biblical scenes carved in them.It also has 24 columns of marble completely coordinated with Corinthian columns and bases. The spandrels of the arches have decorative marble designs in green and purple to represent the Eucharist. The Santa Stanza Church design was along the favorite of the Western Christian world. One of the most important historical aspects of Santa Stanza were the use of Apses and Central Dome which give prime examples of early Christian art and architecture. Klein, F. S. Gardener's Art Through the Ages; The Western Perspective. Fourth teen Edition.

Health and Wellness in the Workplace Essay

Thesis Statement: Health and Wellness programs in a workplace can benefit employees by helping them manage their physical and emotional health, reduce stress and provide a reward system program in the workplace. I. Introduction. II. Provide Nutrition Programs A. Manage employees physical & emotional health 1. Provide different seminars to manage different health issues. 2. Create a program that fits your employees concerns in the work environment. III. Promotes employee’s perfect attendance A. Prevent employee’s absenteeism 1. By providing random wellness check 2. Reward employees for perfect attendance in the wellness programs IV. Reduce Stress in Workplace A. Provide breaks to help employees reduce stress 1. Start a group during 15 minutes break to walk 2. Provide a massage therapist once every two weeks to give 15 minutes massages to relief stress. 3. Give a stress management seminar for nutrition and excerising. V. Reward System in the workplace to accomplish Goals A. Provide a reward program to lose weight and stay healthily 1. A support system for employees by offering extra days off for doing the programs. 2. Create a bonus program for employees for reaching health goals. VI. Conclusion. Resources By: Alden, Sharyn, Regroup, Recharge, Credit Union Magazine, Jul 2007, Vol. 73 Issue 7, p 30-35, 6p; Abstract By: Bulk Tran Sporter, Tax credits proposed for employee wellness, Nov. 2007, Vol. 70, Issue 5, p12-12, 1/2p; Abstract By: Shepherd, Leah Carlson, More time to smell the†¦

Free Essays on The Medicaid Program

Introduction: The severe Depression of the 1930’s made Federal action a necessity, as neither the States and the local communities, nor private charities had the financial resources to cope with the growing need among the American people. Beginning in 1932, the Federal Government first made loans, then grants, to States, to pay for direct relief and work relief. After that, special Federal emergency relief and public works programs were started. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed to Congress economic security legislation embodying the recommendations of a specially created Committee on Economic Security. There followed the passage of the Social Security Act, signed into law August 14, 1935. History and Background: The Social Security Act established two social insurance programs on a national scale to help meet the risks of old age and unemployment: a Federal system of old-age benefits for retired workers who had been employed in industry and commerce, and a Federal- State system of unemployment insurance. The choice of old age and unemployment as the risks to be covered by social insurance was a natural development, since the Depression had wiped out much of the lifetime savings of the aged and reduced opportunities for gainful employment. The Act also provided Federal grants-in-aid to the States for the means-tested programs of Old-Age Assistance, and Aid to the Blind. These programs supplemented the incomes of persons who were either ineligible for Social Security (Old-Age and Survivors Insurance) or whose benefits could not provide a basic living. The intent of Federal participation was to encourage States to adopt such programs. The law established other Federal grants to enable States to extend and strengthen maternal and child health and welfare services, and these grants became the Aid to Families with Dependent Chi... Free Essays on The Medicaid Program Free Essays on The Medicaid Program Introduction: The severe Depression of the 1930’s made Federal action a necessity, as neither the States and the local communities, nor private charities had the financial resources to cope with the growing need among the American people. Beginning in 1932, the Federal Government first made loans, then grants, to States, to pay for direct relief and work relief. After that, special Federal emergency relief and public works programs were started. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed to Congress economic security legislation embodying the recommendations of a specially created Committee on Economic Security. There followed the passage of the Social Security Act, signed into law August 14, 1935. History and Background: The Social Security Act established two social insurance programs on a national scale to help meet the risks of old age and unemployment: a Federal system of old-age benefits for retired workers who had been employed in industry and commerce, and a Federal- State system of unemployment insurance. The choice of old age and unemployment as the risks to be covered by social insurance was a natural development, since the Depression had wiped out much of the lifetime savings of the aged and reduced opportunities for gainful employment. The Act also provided Federal grants-in-aid to the States for the means-tested programs of Old-Age Assistance, and Aid to the Blind. These programs supplemented the incomes of persons who were either ineligible for Social Security (Old-Age and Survivors Insurance) or whose benefits could not provide a basic living. The intent of Federal participation was to encourage States to adopt such programs. The law established other Federal grants to enable States to extend and strengthen maternal and child health and welfare services, and these grants became the Aid to Families with Dependent Chi...

You Need an Audience

You Need an Audience Some of you will frown reading that headline, because in every aspect of your writing life, to be considered successful, you need an audience. And we hate that part of our profession: Platform. That doesnt mean you need 10,000 Twitter fans, 15,000 Facebook followers, 40,000 newsletter readers or 50,000 unique visitors to your blog, so dont get all bothered If you think a hundred or a thousand is out of your reach, then ponder what and who youre writing for. If its friends and family, then dont bother with all the hoopla of a publisher, Amazon, ISBNs or any professional needs of a book. Write your blog for loved ones only and quit looking at the statistics. Write for free in magazines that pay in copies. Otherwise, you need a fan base. One thousand people who would walk through hell for you and drag others along with them. How do you do that? 1) Show up to work each and every day. Fans dont want helter-skelter idols. They want the person to be there when THEY show up. If you skip days, you lose ground, and your fans will find someone more reliable. Post somewhere. Write something. Dont let the gears get rusty. 2) Produce each and every day. Whatever you write, tap into it daily. If you are writing a long project, then work at social media, write short pieces, or freelance in periodicals. But write like you eat, brush your teeth, and change your underwear. Make it that ingrained in your mental and physical existence. 3) Respond without exception. When a reader messages you on Facebook, sends a Tweet, emails or comments on your blog, respond. Put effort into the reply. Respect that person for taking the time. A well-worded reply can buy a fan for years, and if youre attentive enough, that fan will tell the story to dozens. 4) Avoid confrontation. You are writing for these people. You have messages to deliver and stories to tell. Dont pick a fight. Let others have their opinions. Be attentive to their needs, and theyll be attentive to yours.

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 66

Case Study Example A SWOT analysis, for example, allows Graze to identify the factors that are important in its’ business environment (Bohm, 2009). The analysis helps the organization identify the internal strengths that it possesses, which could determine its’ success if it decided to internationalize, continue organic growth in the UK, or enter a related market. Graze could also use the analysis to identify its’ weaknesses, and the extent to which such shortcomings would interfere with organizational success. Additionally, the analysis would aid the company in determining the opportunities provided by the market. Sufficient opportunities would attract the business to internationalize, venture into a related product, or even continue growth in the UK. On the other hand, the analysis would help Gaze to identify the potential threats that it would face by choosing any of the options. Consequent to this, the company would make a sound decision concerning which option to explore. In relation to internationalization, Anthony should consider the different cultures of the prospective nations. He should consider whether the countries enjoy snacking or not, and only venture into nations that favor snacking, over those that do not. Additionally, the tastes and preferences of the different people should be considered. This follows that some nations do not give any regard to healthy eating, while others make it a priority. If Anthony was to venture into a related product that offers lunches, he should devise a strategy that identifies who the target market would be, and how to attract, as well as retain them. A lunch product, for example, needs to be delivered on a timely basis, given the time constraints of working employees. Therefore, the service ought to be carried out conveniently, to keep the business going. More to these, the service should be clearly differentiated from the snacking

Summary of Section 754 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Summary of Section 754 - Research Paper Example Hence, now the owners and managers who pay tax and their advisers now advance towards the transactions with the same concern, as those stated in the historic decrees of subchapter K that the partnerships concerned with tax have been asking for years: why incorporate The substantial increase in the use of partnerships has led to increasing frustration with the obsolete subchapter K regulations (most of which were spread in 1955). Among the most troublesome laws are those which govern the basis for adjustments on the sale or swap (exchange) of a partnership stake (Orbach, 2004). In fact, the laws --which allow the purchaser of a partnership stake to reflect the purchaser's acquiring cost in partnership resources, are among the most perplexed and highly defective aspects of partnership taxation. At the start of the year 1998, to address these problems, the Internal Revenue Service in collaboration with the Treasury issued proposed laws and policies u/s734(b) (basis adjustments on some distributions), section743(b) (basis adjustments on transfers of partnership interests),section 751(a) (the "collapsible partnership rule" requiring recognition of ordinary income on the disposition of certain partnership interests), andsection754 (Depreciation Adjustment). (Internal Revenue Code) The origin of partnership property is usually not affected when a partner sells or exchanges its interest in the business. As a result, if a person buys or ventures into a partnership stake or interest by sale or exchange for a sum that exceeds the transferee's allocation of the adjusted basis of partnership property, the purchase price in excess, is not reflected in the partnership's asset basis, i.e., the purchaser is not able to "push down" its purchase price to the partnership's assets When the business (partnership) makes a an election u/s754 within the stipulated time, however, a transferee partner's share of the partnership's adjusted basis in its assets ("inside basis") is stepped up or stepped down to reflect the partner's basis in the acquired business interest ("outside basis"). Bottom of Form We would proceed by considering an example, in relation to the partnership business, the various transactions that take place in the form of sale and exchange. More importantly, we would focus on the implications of Section 754 of the IRS, which has a major impact with respect to taxation in shaping up these transactions (Orbach, 2004). When an interested party, buys a stake or share of an existing partner's partnership interest, or the interest of a member of a limited liability corporation (LLC) taxed as a partnership, at a value which is said to be its fair value in the market the amount that the purchaser of the interest pays becomes the base for the purchaser's business interest (outside basis). In this transaction at fair market value, the buyer (new partner) assumes the seller's pro rata share of the business partnership's adjusted basis in its assets (inside basis). If the partnership's property or asset value has appreciated sufficiently, the variation between the new partne r's inside and outside basis can be

Events Management_Evaluate the current level of understanding of Essay

Events Management_Evaluate the current level of understanding of Events Impact and Events Stakeholder Management and how it int - Essay Example Conversely, changing circumstances in each of the phases may require the events coordinator to re-visit previously completed duties. Stakeholders The complicated business environment compels event organisers to create relations with numerous stakeholders. These stakeholders each have their own desires, positions, and expectations, and businesses are confronted with stakeholder reputation risk if these requirements and expectations are not adequately addressed. Stakeholders can bring threats as well as opportunities for businesses. For example, if an organisation is well respected, stakeholders may give it more latitude to function. Conversely, a bad or lacklustre reputation can cause stakeholders to pass rules that make it harder for the organisation to carry out basic functions. Knowledge, reflection, and a basic comprehension of the desires of the organisation’s stakeholders and the reputation management procedures will profit any institution, in spite of its size or stature . There is no company that does not have stakeholders. The term ‘stakeholder’ refers to any individual or group that can somehow influence or is influenced by an institution’s actions, behaviour and performance. ... It is such reactions that are important. The positive reaction of consumers is crucial as it allows the institution to be able to depend on the consumers when it requires some financial assistance. The word ‘stakeholder management’ defines the execution and development of organisational strategies, along with practices that take into account the objectives of the institution’s stakeholders. Stakeholder Management also includes discussion, process generation, and relationship formation that occur between a business and its numerous stakeholders. Any of the stakeholders can negatively or positively affect a business’s reputation, and therefore require varied strategies to balance the situation. Research studies in the past have proven that there is much that institutions can do to constructively cater to the needs of stakeholders (McKercher, 2006). The supervision of, and relations with stakeholders require careful attention if a firm wishes to make the most of its chances, while diminishing any existing threats when handling their stakeholders. Research studies have shown that when a business initiates relationships with important stakeholders, it actually saves on future expenses by eliminating litigation costs, boycotts, pressure campaigns, or even lost income as a result of bad relationships. Good relations with workers also increase the probability that they will be contented with the business as well as their jobs (Jones, 2005). This makes them more likely endorse organisational practices while avoiding interferences in company policies. The assessment of relationships includes a two-way communication procedure with the outcome, whether positive or negative, affecting both

Speech Act Theory Implications For English Language English Language Essay

Speech Act Theory Implications For English Language English Language Essay Speech act theory was introduced by J.L Austin in How to Do Things with Words. Later John Searle further expanded on the theory, mostly focusing on speech acts in Speech Acts: An Essay In The Philosophy Of Language (1969) and A Classification Of Illocutionary Acts (1976). Searle further defined speech acts and categorised them. First of his five classifications were Representatives, where the speaker asserts a proposition to be true, using such verbs as affirm, believe, conclude, deny, and report. The second category is Directives, when the speaker tries to make the hearer do something, with such words as ask, beg, challenge, command, dare, invite, insist, request. The third is Commissives, where the speaker commits to an action, with verbs such as guarantee, pledge, promise, swear, vow, undertake, warrant. The next category is Expressives, where the speaker expresses an attitude to or about a state of affairs, using such verbs as apologize, appreciate, congratulate, deplore, detest, regret, thank, welcome. And the last category is Declarations, where the speaker alter the external status or condition of an object or situation, by making the utterance, for example: I now pronounce you man and wife, I sentence you to be hanged by the neck until you be dead, I name this ship.and so on. (Searle, 1976 ) There have been additions to this list, however, the focus of this essay is on how meaning is communicated from the speaker to the listener(s), how it is interpreted and how they are related to TEFL. It will focus on the three types of meaning an utterance has, but it will not explain the types of speech acts in detail. According to Austin (1962) speech act is a functional unit in communication. Its an act that a speaker performs when making an utterance. (LinguaLink website) Utterances have three kinds of meaning (ibid) which are Locutionary, Illocutionary and Perlocutionary. (Schmidt, R. Richards, C. 1980, Cohen, 1996) Locutionary act is saying something with its literal meaning. (Searle, 1969) For example, in saying I am cold. the locutionary meaning is that I feel cold. Illocutionary meaning is the social function of the words or the way they are intended to be understood (Ibid). For example I am cold. may actually be a way of asking the other person to close the window. If this is the intention an Indirect Speech Act (Austin 1962 Searle 1975) had been performed because the meaning is dependent on the hearers interpretation of what has been communicated. The Perlocutionary meaning (ibid) is the effect or the aim of the utterance on the feelings, thoughts or actions. The Perlocutionary force of the utterance I am cold. could be that the listener closes the window. If it was the intended outcome from the words the perlocutionary force (result or aim) matches the illocutionary meaning (intention). This may not always be the case, which is called Perlocutionary failure (Leech, 1983: 204-5). A very c ommon example is that Could you pass the salt? (Searle, 1969) is a request rather than asking about ability (Fraser 1983: 29). Also the sentence Why are you so sensitive? is more likely to be a criticism rather than a question. (Pinner, 2008). There are a number of empirical research on practical applications of speech acts for language teaching. Bardovi-Harlig Hartford, Blum-Kulka Kasper, Olshtain Cohen, Schmidt Richards and Wolfson researched and evolved the implications of speech acts for English language teaching. The teaching of speech acts becomes more intriguing regarding cross-cultural pragmatics. The findings from a cross-cultural study by Cohen, Olshtain, and Rosenstein (1986) showed that non-native speakers (NNS) were not aware to certain sociolinguistic distinction that native speakers (NS) make, for example excuse me versus sorry or really sorry versus very sorry. One of the first studies that focused on first language (L1) and second language (L2) speakers while performing speech acts was The Cross Cultural Speech Act Research Project (Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper 1989). It was observing and analysing the differences of seven languages in how they use the speech act of request and apology. (1989: 11). The study looked at social distance and dominance (Wolfson, Marmor and Jones, 1989: 191). The findings revealed that the foreign speakers responses were quite different from native speakers answers and that not just low but advanced level learners can make sociolinguistic errors. Furthermore according to Boxer Pickering (1993: 56) sociolinguistic errors are gaps in etiquette or as Bachman terms in sociolinguistic competence(1990). He states that these errors are more serious than grammatical errors (Crandall Basturkmen 2004: 38) Hence explicit teaching of pragmatics would be beneficial to language learners, (Rose Kasper, 2001) because acquisition of native like production by non-native speakers may take many years even if they are in the target culture (Schmidt, 1993: 25-6). There is a divergence between the responses of native and second language speakers of English, therefore the explicit teaching of illocutionary meaning and conducting certain types of speech acts has value for s tudents (Blumka-Kulka, House, Kasper 1997, Schmidt ,1996, Bardovi-Harlig,1999). Cohen (1998: 66-7) also advocates the need for explicit teaching and notes that it does not take a long time for students to put the knowledge from speech act training into use, if the learners want to fit in and to be accepted in the target culture. Cultural contrast does not only exist between speakers of different languages. There can be also a cultural contrast when the native language of the speaker is the same but the culture is different. For example, Creese (1991) discovered differences between American and British speakers of English in dealing with compliments. Gumperz (1982) looked at variations between British-English and Indian-English speakers when performing speech acts in institutional settings. These studies have implications for TEFL and for English as a Global Language .They also introduce the limitations of appropriateness. A number of studies (e.g., Boxer Pickering, 1995; Bouton, 1994; Kasper 1997, DÃ ¶rnyei, 1997 Bardovi-Harlig, 2001) have shown that language learners with high grammatical proficiency are not always competent in pragmatic aspects of the foreign language (FL). As Boxer Pickering (1995) point out grammatically advanced learners may not know how to use appropriate language in different situations and digress from pragmatic norms of the target-language. They might directly translate speech acts from their mother tongues into the target language when they are trying to get the intended meaning across. Teachers often disregard pragmatic failures and they sometimes assign them to other causes, for example to disrespect. (p. 47) The contrast in cultural norms may reduce speech act theory being universally relevant to language, but there is a definite need for teaching them in the language classroom. Bardovi-Harlig and Hartford point out that theories related to teaching and learning are cultural and they are usually not shared when teacher and students have different backgrounds (1997: 129). Boxer and Pickering (1993:45) states that the appropriate speech behaviour depends on the rules of the societies. On the side of overtly teaching illocutionary force and meaning Schmidt (1993: 25-26) discusses the value of making learners conscious of the meanings or functions of various speech acts. He talks about consciousness perception and lists examples from his acquisition of Portuguese. He observed how to end a phone conversation. Before this observation he was not confident of what to say when finishing a phone conversation, but after he was able to make use of this new knowledge (Ibid: 29). From my own experienc e it was really useful when someone explained the different phrases to me that I should use in English, because I came across as being rude at many times without me intending to be rude or even knowing about it. It is important to make the students aware of expressions and phrases, such as Id better let you get back for saving face of both parties when closing a conversation as learners often express difficulty.(Schmidt 1993: 29).Cohen (1996: 411) also states that explicit teaching of speech acts helps learners in communicating with native speakers in real life. Widdowson (2003: 04) points out that theory and practice in ELT should not be separated. Teachers should not go into explaining the theory in details, but this does not mean the two should be separated. If learners are to be effective in acquiring a language they need to have a certain amount of sociolinguistic competence (Bachman 1990) of the learnt language or they would fail using for example English language as they will not be able to communicate their real intentions without a loss of face (Brown and Levinson, 1978). I agree with the above mentioned theories of Cohen and Schmidt that speech acts and particularly the illocutionary meaning behind them can help language learners in becoming more skilled speakers and avoid them from losing face. I also think that it is important to give the student a chance to make some observations and come to their own conclusions, without telling them what is right or wrong. As Ellis (1998) states let the student be the researcher. This way the students learn to make their own decision based on their own observations of what is appropriate. McConachy (2007) analysed the dialogues which contain speech acts in several English language course books. For example, dialogues which present the speech act of suggestions, but without any contextual information. He suggests that the teacher need to add to these the dialogues by asking questions about the speakers relationship to one and other and asking students to guess any illocutionary information. This asks the students to make their own judgement on the situation and it makes them aware of illocutionary meaning. It seems that speech acts are finding their way into classroom materials (Bardovi-Harlig MayhanTaylor, 2003), but there is still a lot that teachers need to add to make them more comprehensible. At first teaching speech acts it is important to determine the students level of awareness in general by eliciting. Dialogues are useful to show student how speech acts are used, also the evaluation of a situation is a good technique to reinforce the awareness of the learners. Activities such as role plays are good for practicing speech acts. At the end feedback and discussion are useful so students can tell their understanding. Again the idea is to encourage the learner as researcher (Ellis, Bardovi-Harlig et al, 1989) approach and assist students to make their own observations. The most practical implication of speech act theory in teaching is the idea that the literal meaning of the words might not agree with the intended meaning. As I understand speech acts focus on communicative intentions in a language. It is useful for language learners to teach them, because they provide an insight into the study of language as it is used in a social context, and also because they can be applied when learners need to discuss different meanings in a certain context. Bardovi-Harlig Hartford (1997: 114) report that the difference between speech acts and language functions is not always recognised in language teaching, and that the two have a distinct difference. This point might be argued because the study of speech acts comes from the idea that communication is a performance of certain acts, such as making statements, thanking, asking questions, apologizing, complaining and so on (Blum-Kulka, House Kasper 1989: 2). These are functions within a language, which means that speech act theory is about teaching functional units of language with the aim of an understanding of possible illocutionary meaning present. Materials do not always follow this, however there is a progression towards presenting speech acts with contextual information. Teachers need to simplify the speech acts and the sociolinguistic norms around them by breaking them down into easy terms, so the language learners can use them. Although this does not mean it should be separated from the theory. The best way to teach speech acts might be to make students more aware of pragmatic variables and to give them enough information to be able to make their own observations. This allows learners to work out themselves the best way to perform a speech act in any given situation.

War of 1812 Essay -- essays research papers

The War of 1812 American frigates won a series of single-ship engagements with British frigates, and American privateers continually hurried British shipping. The captains and crew of the frigates constitution and United States became renowned throughout America. Meanwhile, the British gradually tightened a blockade around America's coasts, ruining American trade, threatening American finances, and exposing the entire coastline to British attack. U.S. forces were not ready for war, and American hopes of conquering Canada collapsed in the campaigns of 1812 and 1813. The initial plan called for a three-pronged offensive: from Lake Champlain to Montreal; across the Niagara frontier: and into Upper Canada from Detroit. The attacks were uncoordinated, however, and all failed. In the West, General William Hull surrendered Detroit to the British in August 1812 and on the Niagara front, American troops lost the Battle of Queenston Heights in October. Also along Lake Champlain, the American forces withdrew in late November without seriously engaging the enemy. There was a standoff at Niagara, and an elaborate attempt to attack Montreal by a combined operation involving one force advancing along Lake Champlain and another sailing down the Saint Lawrence River from Lake Ontario. That operation failed at the end of the year. The only success was in the West. The Americans won control of the Detroit frontier region when Oliver Hazard Perry’s ships destroyed the British fleet on Lake Er...

Big five Personality Traits and Effective Leaders Essay

Q.1) What do you think Terry Leahy’s personality traits are for each of the Big Five dimensions of personality? Identify and justify with reference to the case. Q.2) Considering the 9 narrow personality traits required of effective leaders, how would you rate Terry Leahy on all these 9 narrow traits (i-e which ones he rate high, medium and low)? Why? Justify? Q.3) The first weakness he mentioned was his â€Å"Irish Temper†. Explain and justify whether Terry Leahy has a bad temper or not. Q.4) Is Terry Leahy really modest. How do you remain that modest in spite of the success and the accolades? Does this man have no Ego? Q.5) What type of Self concept does Terry Leahy have and how does it affect his business success? Does Terry Leahy posses a theory X or theory Y attitude? Q.6) According to McClelland’s Achievement motivation theory, which of three needs Terry Leahy rates high, medium and low on? Justify. Q.7) According to the 3M Leadership competency framework there are 12 competencies required of effective leaders (i-e 1) Ethics and Integrity 2) Intellectual Capacity 3) Maturity and Judgment 4) Customer Orientation 5) Developing People 6) Inspiring People 7) Business health and results 8) Global Perspective 9) Vision and Strategy 10) Nurturing Innovation 11) Building Partnerships and Alliances 12) Organizational Agility). Considering the above 12 competencies for effective leaders which ones Terry Leahy good at and which ones he is less good at and Why? Q.8) Effective Leaders need to have skills and take actions on three different fronts i-e as strategists, as architects and as mobilizers (both internally and externally). Working through the case how would define Terry Leahy’s role as a strategist, as an architect and as a mobilizer. Q.9) What evidence is there that Terry Leahy’s leadership has evolved over time? How has he developed his career? Q.10) Identify some of challenges (or dangers) facing Terry Leahy today and in coming years.

Heroun and the Sea of Stories

Haroun and the Sea of Stories is a magical realism novel in which elements of Salman Rushdie’s imagination are put together to demonstrate the importance and significance of storytelling. Through the story, Rushdie conveys to the reader what his notion of good story elements are. One of these elements is a story’s ability to possess antithetical relationships. Haroun and the Sea of Stories contains many symbols alluding to the value of complementary elements of a story; these symbols also being a representation of these values in life.One of the initial contrasts we encounter is in Rashid Khalifa’s two titles. Those who are opposed to his story telling have bestowed upon him the name, â€Å"The Shah of Blah. † The others, who enjoy Rashid’s stories, refer to him as â€Å"The Ocean of Notions. † (13) The less flattering of the two titles denotes disdain for Rashid because of the belief that he is a man who is a source of useless tales and endl ess revelry in his storytelling. The latter brings forth connotations of admiration of boundless imagination and creativity.Such dissimilarities are bound to occur with a man of Rashid’s interest. These titles are fairy different, but they complement each other in a certain way that makes Rashid’s character slightly more complex. If he was a character who was met with universal respect or contempt, then he would not be as dynamic, ergo less interesting. Another major aspect of the story that demonstrates this notion is the relationship between the Chupwalas and the Guppies.In the beginning each group had its own way of living, which they believed to be the most respectable. Then on page 191, after Khattam-Shud has been defeated the Guppies and the Chupwalas live together in a peace where â€Å"Night and Day, Speech and Silence, would no longer be separated into zones by Twilight Strips and Walls of Force. † Prior to this, each group was a sovereign entity, keepi ng to their traditions without much success. Then, when the barriers were broken, they were able to appreciate each other’s corresponding differences.The light and dark as well as the silence and the speech accompanied each other and made for a more vibrant society. Through examples like these, Salman Rushdie was able to portray the value of antithetical elements in stories. His examples showed that opposing ideas can fuse sometimes and create a more diverse concept. Rashid’s names showed that he was a very imaginative story teller, but sometimes he was not aware of how people could view his perception of reality and this creates a multifaceted character in which people can show more interest.The relationship between the guppies and the chupwalas was an illustration of the harmonization of two juxtaposing concepts and how different ideologies come together to create a much more fascinating society. All of these models can be carried over to the world of storytelling, w here the story is much more entertaining when there is a slew of events that are totally different in occurrence and tone, but these events make for great amusement.